a way to correct scoliosis via an anterior approach
pneumonia caused by irritation or bacteria from stomach content entering lungs due to faulty swallowing
condition in which the lungs are not fully inflated
the starting point to compare other tests
bi – two way; PAP – positive air pressure. Used to maintain lung expansion
relationship between weight and height according to formula weight, in kg, divided by the square of length, in meters
deterioration of heart muscle function - also known as “heart muscle disease”
measurement of scoliosis angle from spinal X-ray
tightness round a joint leading to its becoming fixed in a particular position or having less than full range of motion at that joint
term used to describe the round or “moonlike” face that people on steroids may develop. (This may be prominent even if weight gain overall is not an issue and can be hard to control without a change in steroid or in the dosing schedule)
drugs that decrease the muscle tone by acting on muscle receptors involved in depolarisation
see abbreviations
swallowing problems
the term used to cover all the different conditions caused by faults in the dystrophin gene (Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, manifesting carriers of one of these conditions and rare patients who have only heart disease)
exercises such as going downstairs or trampolining that involve lengthening rather than contraction of the muscle
methods used to assess the electrical activity of the cardiac muscle. The ECG involves stickers placed on the chest to record heart signals.
method used to assess the structure of the heart. The Echo is also known as a “cardiac ultrasound” and gives pictures of the beating heart
a test that measures electrical signals from a muscle and can give a clue to whether a nerve or muscle disorder is present
cause
the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation
occurs when the muscle joining the esophagus (swallowing tube from the mouth) to the stomach opens on its own, or does not close properly and stomach contents rise up into the esophagus. Also called acid reflux or acid regurgitation, because digestive juices, called acids, rise up with the food
surgical opening into the stomach, in this case to insert a feeding tube. Sometimes referred to as a PEG
condition in which the cells in the gonads that will develop into germ cells (ova and spermatozoa) are a mixture of two genetically different cell types
defines a pre-diabetic state associated with insulin resistance
a sign of weakness in the muscles round the hips and upper part of the lower legs. It describes the way that someone with weakness in these muscles gets up of the floor, needing to turn onto their front, keep their legs wide apart and using a hand on their thigh to rise. It is commonly seen in DMD but other conditions causing weakness in the same muscle groups also cause a Gowers’ maneuver
method used for continuous ambulatory 24 hr ECG recording
too much carbon dioxide in the blood
high blood pressure
reduced breathing efficiency of ventilatory capacity
decreased oxygen levels in the blood
a way to measure the amount of dystrophin in the muscle
a way to look at the muscle under the microscope and see how much dystrophin is present
the muscles that keep the knees together
abnormal curvature of the spine with both sideward (scoliosis) and hunched forward or backward (kyphosis)
a response to anesthesia that causes a high temperature and can be life-threatening
tests which are used to assess activities of motor performance in a standardized way
presence of myoglobin in the urine as a sign of breakdown of muscle (urine looks cocacola colored because it contains breakdown products of muscle proteins)
decrease in bone mineral density
the measurement of oxygen in the blood stream using a machine to detect it through the skin
awareness of abnormal heartbeats
describes a condition in which the pelvis is uneven, such as being rotated downward on one side
prevention
breakdown of muscle
curvature of the spine
defines pubertal development based on external primary and secondary sex characteristics, such as the size of the breasts, genitalia and the development of pubic hair
surgical cutting of a tendon
formation of a clot (thrombus) in a blood vessel that breaks loose and is carried by the blood stream to plug another vessel
a fungal skin infection
surgical procedure on the neck to open a direct airway through an incision in the trachea (the windpipe)
inward rotation of the foot due to an imbalance of the foot muscles
increasing the amount of air taken in by the lungs using a device to help inflate the lungs. Such devices include Ambu bags and inexsufflators. Ventilators can also be used to increase volume
assessment tool to view and determine the nature and extent of an oropharyngeal swallowing problem. A video X-ray is taken as the child swallows the food
[Translate to English (US):] Information based on consensus statement (published in January 2010)